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qristes gza

  Sesworebuli varianti

interreligiuri dialogi

am statias Seaqvs wvlili religiebs Soris ukeTesi urTierTgagebis damyarebasa da mSvidobiani „interreligiuri dialogis" CamoyalibebaSi, romelic ukve wlebis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobs. Cveni miniSnebebi miznad ar isaxavs mTlianad islamis daxasiaTebas, ramdenadac TviT yuranSic sxvadasxva Teologiuri mimarTulebebi da skolebi arsebobs.

yurani*)* da sxva damwerlobiTi religiebi.

islami niSnavs „RvTis nebisadmi damorCilebas".

islamis wminda wigni, yurani, ganimarteba rogorc RvTiuri STagonebis wyaro, romelic mociqul mohameds RmerTisgan, an angelozi gibrilisgan gadaeca, romlis identificireba SesaZloa qristianul sarwmunoebaSi cnobil angeloz – gabrielTan. naTelia, rom yurani centraluri mniSvnelobis momcvelia. amis garda islamis gagebaSi garkveul rols TamaSobs agreTve sxva tradicia ( suna; sityvieri Targmani: „Cveva"), romelic gadmocemuli iqna mociqul haditis droidan. TviT mociqulic Tavisi saqcieliT adaminia da ara RmerTi! gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom rogorc qristianebs, aseve musulmanebs Sorisac, arian iseTnic, romlebmac wminda wignis arsi zustad ar ician.

qristianebi, an kidev ebraelebi yuranSi nawilobriv pirdapir moixsenebian rogorc „Tqven, damwerlobis xalxno, (wignis xalxi, mag. sure 4,171***) da rogorc „Tqven, Svilebo israelisa". ase rom, maTac SeuZliaT yuraniT*) sargebloba , Tumca xSirad isini amas ar akeTeben. yovel SemTxvevaSi, religiuri mecniereba ikvlevs yvelanairi religiis wminda werilebs da amasTanave ikvlevs maTi Seqmnis istoriul ganviTarebas. wminda werilebi mainc didi mowiwebiTa da mokrZalbiT unda iqnas Seswavlili. musulmanuri yuranis ganmxilvelTa erTi nawilis azriT, yuranSi arsebobs erT-erTi uZvelesi forma, e.w. RmerTTan Senaxuli forma, romelic mxolod wminda angelozTa da wminda mociqulTaTvisaa misawvdomi, xolo meore nawilis interpretaciiT ki, dedamiwaze arsebuli yurani mkiTxvelisaTvis wminda saxiTaa Senaxuli.

mociquli iTvleba garkveuli „periodis" (an gardamavali periodis) gzavnilad; im periodisaTvis, romelSic gzavnilebi ar Canan (ix. sure 5,19***). yurani ganasxvavebs morwmuneebs mociquli mohamedis swavlebis mixedviT, „wignis xalxad"(damwerlobis xalxi) da „urwmunoebad". „wignis xalxSi" igulisxmeba gansakuTrebiT ebraelebi da qristianebi, romlebic musulmanebTan erTad igive tradiciebs eyrdnobian; zogjer agreTve caratustrelebi (ix.sure 22,17*). TviT yuranic cnobs „mociqulTa" wres, romlic TavianTi moRvaweobis periodSi msgavs swavlebas erTi RmerTis, imqveyniuri sasamarTlosa da sakuTari xalxisTvis locvis Sesaxeb qadagebda, ( mag. sure 6, 83-92; sure 7; sure 4, 136*). im SemTxvevaSi, roca sxvadasxva religiebis mqone adamianebs am saerTo safuZvlis sjeraT, maT Tavad yuranSi ar moixsenieben urwmunoebad. (sure 5, 48* da sxva). islamis gavrcelebis pirvel aswleulSi qristianebsa da ebraelebs Zalas ar atandnen, gadasuliyvnen islamis rwmenaze (yuranis swavlebis Sesabamisad, "religiaSi ar arsebobs Zaldataneba", ix. sure 2,256**).
abraaami iTvleba erT-erT im "hanifad", romelTac, rogorc calkeulma pirebma, pirdapiri gza hpoves im namdvili rwmenisken, romelic RmerTTan aaxlovebs.
sityva alahs – wina islamurad, Zvel arabulad al-ilah- , rogorc semitur sityvas namdvilad igive Ziri aqvs, rogorc sityva „elohims"-RmerTis saxeli moses ebrauli wignebidan.

"urwmunoebad" – miaxloebiTi sityvieri Targmani "Semosilni"- mociquli mohamedis qadagebis periodSi pirvel rigSi iTvlebodnen poliTaistebi, an kerpTayvanismcemlebi, romelTa winaaRmdegac igi arabeTSi ibrZoda da romelTa Sesaxebac gvafrTxilebda agreTve ebraelebisa da qristianebis biblia; dResdReobiT ki ufro farTo gagebiT islamSi urwmunoebad iTvlebian isini, visac erTi RmerTisa da imqveyniuri sasamarTlosi ar sjeraT. dRes es mcneba xandaxan mcdarad gamoiyeneba yvela aramusulmanze da xandaxan ki agreTve im musulmanebzec, romelnic sxva musulmanur mimarTulebas miekuTvnebian.

yuradReba unda mieqces im faqts, rom TviT yuranSic, ieso ramdenjerme moixsenieba rogorc RmerTis mier gzavnilad da rogorc "sityva" RvTisa (es mcneba ufro detalurad ar aris axsnili) da aRiarebulia, rogoc "suli" RvTisa (sure 4, 171), warmoSobili „adamis msgavsad" (sure 2, 3, 5,...). anu, Tu ki islams swored gavigebT, masSi iesos ufro meti mniSvneloba eniWeba, vidre TviT Tanamedrove qristianul TeologiebSi, romlebic mas warmosaxaven rogorc socialreformators. erTaderTi is mcneba, rom SemdgomSi qriste samebasTan kavSirSi RvTis Svilad iqna aRiarebuli, ar iqna yuranSi daSvebuli. es sakiTxi TviT mohamedis droindeli qristianebis mier sakmaod amqveyniurad ganimarteboda. aRar arsebobdnen qristianebi, romelTac SeeZlebodaT Zirfesvianad ganemartaT, is, rac am mcnebiT adre iyo miCneuli, ganemartaT ise, rom sxva mosazrebis mqone adamianebsc SeZlebodaT amis gageba (mag. sure 6,101+**). romaelebis werilSi 1.4 weria, rom ieso Tavisi ZlierebiT "brwyinvalebis sulad", rogorc "Svilad RvTisa" iqna Sefasebuli da ara dabadebuli.
musulmanur azrovnebas imis Sesaxeb, rom RmerTi ar aris dabadebuli da iesoc ki ar daibada, aramed Seqmnili iqna, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom principSi qristianebic eTanxmebian. aris kidev erTi mcneba (berZnul enaze) „logos", - romelic bibliaSi swored rom ieso qristes RvTiur STamomavlobas an ieso qristes gzavnilobas niSnavs. es mcneba evangelur nawerebSi naTargmnia rogorc „sityva" (ix. zemoT), romelic yuranSi iesososTan mimarTebaSi moixsenieba. nuTu yuranis STagonebebSi, iseve, rogorc bibliur STagonebebSi damalulia saidumloebani, romelnic jerjerobiT kidev aRmouCenelia da qristianebs da musulmanebs Soris gaugebrobas aqvs adgili zogierTi mcnebis ganmartebis gamo? im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac qristianebi am religiur swavlebas ise warmoadgenen, rom is SeiZleba „mravalRmerTian swavlebad"iqnas gagebuli, es mainc ar Seesabameba im meTods, romliTac ieso TviTon qadagebda da ganmartavda religiur swavlebas. „iloceT Cemi saxeliT (ese igi, Sinaganad iesosTan kavSirSi) mamis (RmerTis) winaSe"- biblia, ioanes evangelia 15:16. iesos cxovrebaSi yvelaferi mimarTulia erTi RmerTisken, romelTanac igi mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli da romliskenac mas adamianebis daakavSireba SeeZlo.

mcneba „logosi"(berZnulad, ioanes I evangeliaSi, rogorc „RmerTis sityva", romelic iq qristesTan kavSirSi moixsenieba), paretis mier gadmocemul yuranSi (germanul enaze) iesosgan damoukideblad aris moxseniebuli, magram yuranis sxva gamomcemlobebSi igi gagebulia rogorc RmerTis "saqme" an RmerTis "brZaneba" (sure 13.2 da 13.11**).

yurani iesos aRiqvams „adamad", romelic RmerTma miwisagan Seqmna (sure 3, 59*) da axasiaTebs mas rogorc „RmerTis mier gzavnils" misi sulidan, romelmac ganapiroba qalwuli miriamis (marias) mier iesos Soba. (sure 19, 17-22**). qristianuli versiiT ki RvTis angelozi iuwyeba wminda sulisgan iesos dabadebis Taobaze. yuranSicaa naxsenebi, rom ieso wminda suliT/siwmindis suliT iqna gaZlierebuli (sure 5, 110*).

yuranis mixedviT, iesom winaswar ganacxada Tavisi aRdgomis Sesaxeb (sure 19, 33*), romlis mixedviTac SeiZleba agreTve nagulsixmebi iyos aRdgoma „pirvel dRes", romelic yuranSi xSiradaa moxseniebuli, rogorc morwmune adamianebis imqveynieur sasamarTlos winaSe wardgoma (ix. qvemoT sure 4, 159*+**). yurani gadmocems, rom qriste cocxlad aRzevda zecaSi (sure 4, 157 -159*, sure 3,55**).
musulmanebi da qristianebi ar arian erTi azris imaze, iqna Tu ara jvarcmuli ieso mis aRzevebamde, romlis Semdgomac igi gardaicvala da RmerTis wyalobiT sikvdils sZlia, rogorc amas qristianebi amboben, Tu jvarcmis gareSe cocxali aRzevda caSi, rogorc es musulmanebs swamT. yovel SemTxvevaSi, saerToa is rwmena, rom igi misi cad aRzevebis momentSi araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar iyo „mkvdari", aramed magaliTad, adamianebs aswavlida.
sures 3,55*+* da agreTve 5,48*+** striqonSi naTqvamia, rom „...me mas ganvwmindav" da "…Tqven yvelani ukan damibrundebiT, da me (ufali) gadavwyvet Tqvens Soris imas, razec Tqven (miwiur cxovrebis dros) erTi azris ar iyaviT". amitom qristianebsa da musulmanebs unda SeswevdeT Zala zog darCenil saidumloebebze pasuxs moTminebiT daelodon da ara ikamaTon amaze.

yurani aseve aRwers morwmuneTa aRzevebas gansasjelis dros (sure 36, 77-83; sure 69,13-37; sure 75 da 99** da sxv.). maSin ieso kidev dabrundeba da damwerlobis morwmune xalxis mowme iqneba ( sure 4,159, SeadareT sure 16,89*). maTac, agreTve aramusulmanebsac, romlTac swamT RmerTisa da pirveli dRis da karg saqmes sCadian, yuranis mixedviT ar unda eSinodeT gansasjelis (sure 2,62; sure 4,123-124; sure 7,170***). rogorc yuranSi, aseve bibliaSi erTmniSvnelovnad Cans is faqti, rom imqveyniuri gansja mxolod RmerTis saqmea da ara adamianebis, mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, iqnebian es qristianebi, musulmanebi Tu ebraelebi.
( religiebs Soris amdagvari Sedarebebis moyvana ar emsaxureba im ideas, rom saeWvo gaxdes yuranis damoukidebloba.)

dasaxelebuli „3 abraamiseuli religiis" eTikuri safuZvlebic mWidrodaa erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli. religiur mcnebebs, Tundac ise, rom isini ar CamovTvaliT, islamSic SevxvdebiT. magaliTad, sureSi 17,22-39; sure 5,38-40; sure 2,188; sure 4,135; sure 2,195; da sure 17,70**(adamianTa Rirseba). yurani sastikad da gamonaklisis gareSe krZalavs udanaSauloTa kvlas (sure 5,27-32**). mcneba „jihadi" aRniSnavs mxolod „oms"; am mcnebis mniSvneloba, „wminda omis" gagebiT, yuranidan ki ar modis, aramed mociquli mohamedisa da islamuri memarjvene skolebis swavlebisagan******): sulier-moraluri muSaoba sakuTar Tavze, im vnebebis gamo, romelnic RmerTisgan arian daSorebulni, iTvleba „did jihadad", romelsac ufro didi mniSvneloba eniWeba, vidre sxva gare Setakebebs. (mag. SeadareT iesos sityvebi: „jer sakuTari Tvalidan amoiRe kunZi..."- amnairad bevri garekonfliqti dakargavda Tavis safuZvels.) „sityvis jihadi" aris rwmenis mSvidobiani gziT warmodgena. „xelis jihadi" aris morwmune adamianis yoveldRiuri ganmanaTlebeli magaliTi. „xmlis jihads" agreTve moixsenieben rogorc „patara jihads" da igi nebadarTulia mxolod da mxolod morwmune xalxze Tavdasxmis mosagerieblad. (Seadare yuranSi sure 2, 190**). sxva rwmenis mqone adamianebisadmi mopyrobis „intensivoba" gansazRvrulia yuranSic (sure 48, 29**, sure 47, 4**).
mravalferovania tradiciuli wesebi, romlebic sxvadasxva sqesis warmomadgenlebs Soris urTierTdamokidebulebas exeba da amasTanave krZalavs qorwinebis sxva religiis warmomadgenlebTan da a. S. 

islamur praqtikas miekuTvneba: „rwmena, rom RmerTis garda (alahis garda) sxva RmerTi ar arsebobs da rom muhamedi aris RmerTis mociquli; 
rom yoveldRiurad unda Sesruldes dawesebuli aRTqmebi (sure 2,177**); rom daculi unda iqnes yovelwliuri dResaswaulebi, romlebic ramadanis dros aRiniSneba(sure ,185**); rom SesaZleblobis mixedviT cxovrebaSi erTxel manc unda moxdes fexiT svla wminda adgilis mosanaxuleblad (sure 2,196**); da rom zaqaTi (savaldebulo socialuri gadasaxadi )gadaxdili unda iqnas (sure 2,177**)".

***+*) ... gamoyenebuli iqna agreTve „yurani, rudi paretis mier naTargmni", kolhameris-gamomcemloba (germanul enaze), romelic mecnierul niadagzea gadmocemuli da sityvebis mniSvnelobebis pirdapiri TargmnebiTa da damatebebis meSveobiT gagebis ukeTes saSualebas iZleva. gamoyenebulia islamur qveynebSi gavrcelebuli strofebis egvipturi Tvlis meTodi. sxva TargmanebSi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas strofebis Tvlis ori sxva meTodic; am SemTxvevaSi aRniSnul teqsts ipoviT imave sureSi mocemuli strofis nomris win an Semdeg. is, rom yurani Znelad saTargmnelia, didi rols ar TamaSobs im magaliTebze, romlebic aqaa moyvanili. es aris naTlad da iolad gasagebi teqstebi. magaliTad moyvanili yuranis teqstebi Sedarebuli iqna „yuranTan, romelic Targmnili da komentirebuli iqna adel Teodor xouris mier, 2007w.(germanul enaze)*, romlis Targmanmac musulmanur mecnierebSic hpova aRiareba (mag. doqtor inamula xanis mier, romelic islamuri msoflio kongresis generaluri mdivani iyo) da romlis komentaric islamuri memarjvene skolebis tradiciul mxedvelobasac iTvaliswinebs.

***) agreTve „qristianuli „jvarosnuli laSqrobebic" ar iyo bibliurad dafuZnebuli, aramed es iyo adamianuri moqmedebebi, magram amis gamo mainc, magaliTad, evropaSi mosaxle qristianebi dResdReobiT cudi saxeliT sargebloben.